Everyday Einstein: GPS & Relativity

This resource explains how Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite navigation works. It includes two hands-on activities where students simulate GPS navigation. One is 2D and the other is 3D. The resource also explains how GPS relies on time dilation in Einstein’s theory of relativity to function. 

Students answer questions about how GPS works and which occupations use it. Next, they research five applications of GPS in detail. Finally, students draw intersecting circles on a paper map to model how GPS works. 

GPS Simulation 

Students use rulers, compasses, and a map of the world to model how GPS works. 

They choose a secret location on the map and then create clues for the other groups by calculating how much time it would take for a GPS signal to reach various satellite locations. 

Students explore the energy of a GPS satellite–Earth system. They also examine the role of significant digits in the distance calculations involved in GPS. 

Students perform calculations that explore how time dilation in special relativity and general relativity affects the rate at which the clocks inside GPS satellites tick. 

 

Students watch a series of demonstrations that explore the relationship between acceleration, freefall, and gravity.